China and climate change: a quest for ecological influence and power

By Marine de Guglielmo Weber,Yente Thienpont and Gabriel Bonnamy, for The Defence & Climate Observatory coordinated by IRIS under the contract carried out on behalf of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces’ DGRIS.

This note is divided into three parts: the first looks at the use of climate information for political and diplomatic purposes; the second looks at the economic leadership that China is seeking to develop in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation; and finally, the third looks at China’s use of HADR operations as a tool for influence and military power.

Read the noteSynthesisFrench version More information about the Observatory

[Comment] Sweden’s Perception of the EU Defence Industrial “Toolbox”

By Lorenzo Scarazzato, Research Assistant, The SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme

Stockholm is looking at the EU’s initiatives with interest, but also with a degree of scepticism. There are historical and structural reasons for this scepticism, as well as Sweden’s relatively limited capacity to influence Brussels, which ultimately fuels doubts about the Commission’s growing powers.

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[Policy paper] The Impact of the War in Ukraine on the European Defense Market

By Jean-Pierre Maulny, Deputy Director, IRIS

This note offers an analysis of the consequences of the war in Ukraine on the structuring of the defence market in Europe.

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[Working paper] Case Studies of the EU’s Actions in the Field of Conflict Resolution, Prevention and Mediation

By Federico Santopinto, Louise Souverbie, Gustavo Müller, Gustavo Ramírez Buchheister, Ester Sabatino & Cornelius Adebahr

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[Policy Paper] Russia’s war against Ukraine: A new impetus for the harmonisation of European arms export policies?

By Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Director of the Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme (SIPRI), Pia Fuhrhop, Deputy Head of Research Division (SWP), Jean-Pierre Maulny, Deputy Director (IRIS), and Christian Mölling, Deputy Director (DGAP)

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 confronted European arms export policies with a unique crisis. This policy paper compares the arms export policies and export control rules of Germany, France, and Sweden, and examines their objectives, how the war in Ukraine has affected their perception of arms exports, and how changes to their arms export policies could impact European harmonisation of export controls.

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[Podcast] European Military Budgets after the War in Ukraine: More Cohesion of Fragmentation

The ARES Podcast Series offers a new and original format to encourage fresh strategic thinking in the field of European defence industrial policies.

This serie of podcasts aims at analysing the increases of post Ukraine defence budgets in several European countries. It raises the following issue : would these increases in defence budgets lead to more cohesion or to more fragmentation of the defence industry ?

All episodesThe Belgian caseThe Italian caseThe German Case

The World Climate and Security Report 2022. Decarbonized Defense: The Need for Clean Military Power in the Age of Climate Change

By the Expert Group of the International Military Council on Climate and Security (IMCCS), in collaboration with the Center for Climate and Security, Council on Strategic Risks, the Clingendael Institute, the Hague Center for Strategic Studies and IRIS.

This report warns that militaries must accelerate efforts toward net zero to achieve a win-win-win: minimize fossil fuel-related operational vulnerabilities, undermine petro-dictators like Vladimir Putin, and combat climate change. It was released June 7th 2022.

ReadMore about the IMCCS
Analyses
Americas
Real Housewives of Capitol Hill
There is something odd going on in the US Congress these days. Bitter partisanship, obstructionism, and even total dysfunction are, alas, depressingly common on Capitol Hill now. But what...
International Balances of Power and Globalisation
Generative AI defies Regulatory Attempts
Generative AI, with ChatGPT, breaks down the barriers between specialised applications and aims to achieve an ever more general capability. The revolution brought about by large language models requires...
Sub-Saharan Africa
Nigerian Elections: the Glass A Quarter Full
Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission (INEC) has announced the results of the country’s February 25 elections: former Lagos State Governor Bola Tinubu will be the country’s next president. The...
Americas
Biden’s National Security Strategy
On October 12, President Biden released his National Security Strategy. It is available here. What is a “national security strategy”? Mandated by law, the strategy is each new administration’s...
Security
Navigating Melting Ice and Eroding Exceptionalism: Theory-Driven Policy Pathways for NATO’s High North Commitment
The warming Arctic has emerged as a great power politics front again, with climate change acting as a catalyst of interests in the region. The shift in focus from...
Sport and International Relations
[TES-D] Development of EU Sport Diplomacy
Towards a European Union Sport Diplomacy (TES-D) is a two-year project funded by Erasmus+ which began in January 2021. The TES-D team is made of eight organisations led by...
International Balances of Power and Globalisation
Crypto-Bubbles and the Decentralized Eldorado
  The crypto rollercoaster has consequences beyond the realm of mass speculation. It shapes key discussions on the future of money and the Internet, which revolve around notions of...
Sport and International Relations
[TES-D] Sport Diplomacy beyond the EU: in Theory & Practice
Towards a European Union Sport Diplomacy (TES-D) is a two-year project funded by Erasmus+ which began in January 2021. The TES-D team is made of eight organisations led by...
International Balances of Power and Globalisation
The Metaverse: Fragmented Reality
The craze for the metaverse has reached a new scale since Mark Zuckerberg’s announcements. Meanwhile, key questions arise about a more immersive Internet, between virtual and augmented reality, as...
Sport and International Relations
Football’s Consumable Past and the Soft Power of Nostalgia
In a track by legendary British indie band The Smiths, lead singer Morrisey laments, ‘Manchester, so much to answer for’. The track addresses the horrific killings of children by...
Sport and International Relations
Small Nation, Big Games – Qatar Gets Ready for 2022
Qatar has been in the news again this summer. As the Taliban swept into Kabul, government in Doha sought to play a pivotal role both in helping to evacuate...
Sport and International Relations
Rage Against the Machine – Have Football Fans Broken the Super League?
Whether or not he actually existed, it seems unlikely that Ned Ludd would have been a football fan, although his rumoured existence led to violence in cities across Industrial...
Sport and International Relations
Diaspora and Sport: Pelota and Identity in Different Communities
Urban, regional, and national movements around the world have long used sport to sustain and promote their identities. Large cities and regions regularly develop flagship clubs in major international...
Sport and International Relations
Make Love, Not War – T-shirts, Athlete Activism and an Ideological Schism
There have been several periods during recent Western history when slogan t-shirts were de rigueur amongst both public figures and people in general. Back in the late sixties tie-die...
Publications
Europe
Italy’s Perception of the EU Defence Industrial « Toolbox »
ARES Group #87 - Comment
Asia
The Shangri-La Dialog 2023: toward the Cold War 2.0 and its dynamics
Asia Focus #202
Security
What future European Defence and Technological Industrial Basis (EDTIB) do we want/need? The Italian case
ARES Group #84 - Comment
Humanitarian Affairs Think Tank
Worlds’ Feminist Foreign Policies and the Fate of Afghan Women
Read
Ares Group
Italy’s Perception of the EU Defence Industrial « Toolbox »
ARES Group #87 - Comment
Sweden’s Perception of the EU Defence Industrial « Toolbox »
ARES Group #86 - Comment
What future European Defence and Technological Industrial Basis (EDTIB) do we want/need? The German case
ARES Group #85 - Comment
What future European Defence and Technological Industrial Basis (EDTIB) do we want/need? The Italian case
ARES Group #84 - Comment
Russia’s war against Ukraine: A new impetus for the harmonisation of European arms export policies? A trilateral perspective from France, Germany, and Sweden
ARES Group #83 - Policy Paper
Critical technologies and industrial capabilities: National definition and policy implications. The case of Baltic States
ARES Group #79 - Policy paper
Critical technologies and industrial capabilities: National definition and policy implications. The French case
ARES Group #78 - Comment
Critical technologies and industrial capabilities: National definition and policy implications. The UK case
ARES Group #77 - Comment
Critical technologies and industrial capabilities: National definition and policy implications. The Spanish case
ARES Group #76 - Comment
Critical technologies and industrial capabilities: National definition and policy implications. The Italian case
ARES Group #75 - Comment
To face the Russian threat, Europeans need to spend together – not side by side
English VersionFrench VersionSpanish Version
EU Civil-Defence Synergies: Understanding the Challenges and Drivers of Change
Ares Group #74 - Policy Paper
Defence innovation: New models and procurement implications. The Polish Case
Ares Group #73 - Policy Paper
Defence innovation: New models and procurement implications. The Estonian Case
Ares Group #71 - Policy Paper
The European Defence Fund and Space: Added Values and Priorities
Ares #69 - Policy Paper
Defence Innovation: New Models and Procurement Implications. The German Case
Ares #68 - Policy Paper
Defence Innovation: New Models and Procurement Implications. The British Case
Ares #67 - Policy Paper
Defence Innovation: New Models and Procurement Implications. The Finnish Case
Ares #65 - Policy Paper
Defence Innovation: New Models and Procurement Implications. The Italian Case
Ares #64 - Policy Paper
Defence Innovation: New Models and Procurement Implications. The Spanish Case
Ares #62 - Policy Paper
National Expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Greek Perspective
Ares #61 - Comment
The (R)evolution of Defence Innovation Models: Rationales and Consequences
Ares #60 - Policy Paper
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: The Danish Perspective
Ares #59 - Comment
Comparative Chart of Measures developed by countries to support their DTIB in Covid-19 Time
Comparative Chart
Covid-19 and the American Defence Technological and Industrial Base: Impact and Policy Responses
Ares #57 - Comment
Covid-19 and the Spanish Defence Technological and Industrial Base: Impact and Policy Responses
Ares #56 - Comment
Covid-19 and the German Defence Technological and Industrial Base: Impact and Policy Responses
Ares #55 - Comment
Covid-19 and the Italian Defence Technological and Industrial Base: Impact and Policy Responses
Ares #54 - Comment
Covid-19 and the Dutch Defence Technological and Industrial Base: Impact and Policy Responses
Ares #53 - Comment
National Expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Finnish Perspective
Ares #52 - Comment
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: the Romanian perspective
Ares Group #51 - Comment
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: the Italian perspective
Ares Group #50 - Comment
National expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Danish Perspective
Ares Group #49 - Comment
European Defence should not be the Casualty of the ‘Great Lockdown’
English VersionFrench VersionGerman Version
The European Defence Fund: a Game Changer for European Defence Industrial Collaboration
Ares Group #48 - Policy Paper
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: The Baltic States Perspective
Ares Group #47 - Comment
National expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Polish Perspective
Ares Group #46 - Comment
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: The German Perspective
Ares Group #45 - Comment
Armament and Transatlantic Relationships: The Dutch Perspective
Ares Group #43 - Comment
National expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Italian Perspective
Ares Group #42 - Comment
National expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Swedish Perspective
Ares Group #41 - Comment
National expectations regarding the European Defence Fund: The Spanish Perspective
Ares Group #40 - Comment
PeSCo: The Swedish Perspective
Ares Group #38 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The German Perspective
Ares Group #36 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Cyprus Perspective
Ares Group #35 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Greek Perspective
Ares Group #34 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Belgian Perspective
Ares Group #33 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Polish Perspective
Ares #32 - Policy Paper
Defence Industrial Policy in Serbia: Drivers and Influence
Ares #31 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Italian Perspective
Ares #30 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Lithuanian Perspective
#29 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Dutch Perspective
#28 - Policy Paper
PeSCo: The Spanish Perspective
#27 - Policy Paper
Building the EDTIB beyond 2020
ARES Seminar Report
Defence Industrial Policy in Norway: Drivers and Influence
#25 - Policy Paper
The Relationship between Prime contractors and SMEs. How to Best Manage and Fund Cooperative Programmes
#24 - Policy Paper
Defence industrial Policy in Finland. Drivers and Influence
#23 - Policy Paper
Defence and Industrial Policy in Poland
#18 - Policy Paper
Eu Regulatory Incentives for Armament Cooperation: Lessons from directive 2009/81/EC
#17 - Comment
Promoting European Defence Cooperation and the Promise of Financial Incentives
#16 - Comment
The Economics of European Defence: Some Additional Insights
#15 - Comment
Deploying Financial Tools in Support of European Defence Cooperation
#14 - Comment
Defence and Industrial Policy in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
#12 - Policy Paper
The Economics of European Defence
#11 - Comment
Technological Innovation, the US Third Offset Strategy and the Future Transatlantic Defense
#9 - Policy PaperAbout #9 and #10 Ares Group's Policy Papers
The Eu’s Security of Supply Agenda
#6 - Comment
A European Drone by 2025? The View from Spain on EUROMALE
#3 - Comment
A European Drone by 2025? The View from Italy on EUROMALE
#2 - Comment
A ‘Game Changer’? The EU’S Preparatory Action on Defence Research
#1 - Policy Paper
Armament Industry Research Group: Presentation
Launching Paper
Press Release
 Experts
Serge Michailof
Associate Research Fellow
Development of the so-called “fragile countries” – Post conflict reconstruction
Jean-Pierre Maulny
Deputy Director
World arms industry - EDTIB - Arms transfers - Export control - CSDP - NATO - Defence and security issues - Strategic affairs
Assen Slim
Associate Research Fellow
The European economic integration and common policies – The post socialist transition in Eastern Europe – Sustainable development and degrowth – The economy of gratuity
Patrick Chevallereau
Associate Research Fellow
Defence policy – Transatlantic relationship – NATO – Franco-British cooperation – Brexit – European defence – United States’ policy and politics – Maritime strategy
Sofia Kabbej
Associate Research Fellow
Climat – Security – Risk prevention – International climate negociations – Governance of geoengineering
Marine Simoën
Associate Research Fellow
Natural Resources Economics – Raw materials – Renewable energy
Barthélémy Courmont
Senior Research Fellow, Head of Development and Asia-Pacific Programme
The Political and Security Stakes in North-East Asia - The China's Power Strategy - The American Foreign Policy – The American Policy in Asia Pacific – Nuclear Issues – New Threats
Julia Tasse
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Climate, Energy and Security Programme
Climate change - Oceans and marine environments - Marine economy
Pim Verschuuren
Associate Research Fellow
Geopolitics of sports
Bastien Alex
Associate Research Fellow
Climate change – Energy issues – EU enlargment policy
Rémi Bourgeot
Associate Research Fellow
Economics, Globalisation, Finance, Europe, Middle-East, Asia, Energy, Industry
Jean de Gliniasty
Senior Research Fellow
Russia - CIS - French Diplomacy
Jean-Paul Ghoneim
Associate Research Fellow
Gulf States
David Weinberger
Associate Research Fellow
Illicit drugs trafficking and its geopolitics - Money laundering and the funding of terrorism - Tobacco smuggling
Philippe Steininger
Associate Research Fellow
Defence Policy - Nuclear Detterence - Aerospace issues – Military Programming and Operations – Aerospace Strategy
El Hadj Souleymane Gassama
Associate Research Fellow
Diaspora - Immigration - Françafrique - Decolonisation - Demography - Democracy - Money transfers - Donation - Debt - Identities - Childhood and feminism in Africa
Marine de Guglielmo Weber
Research Fellow
Strategic and security issues related to climate change - Geoengineering - Weather modification - Food and agricultural issues - Information and communication issues
Sami Ramdani
Research Fellow at IRIS
Energy security – Russia – Central and Eastern Europe
Romuald Sciora
Associate Research Fellow
United Nations - United States - Wokeism
Patrice Moyeuvre
Associate Research Fellow
Turkey - Turkish Defence and Armament Issues
Karim Émile Bitar
Associate Research Fellow
The Middle-East – The relations between islam and the Western world; politics and religion – The Franco-Arab relations and the Euro-Mediterranean stakes – The media in the Arab world, feminism and civil societies
Jeff Hawkins
Associate Research Fellow
US Foreign Policy
Francis Laloupo
Associate Research Fellow
Geopolitics of Africa - Tools and mechanisms of crisis resolution - Emerging conflicts
Gaëtan Gorce
Associate Research Fellow
Contemporary issues faced by Europe (migratory flows, digital sovereignty...) - International employment laws
Carole Gomez
Associate Research Fellow
International Sport Issues - Sport Diplomacy - Sport Integrity
François-Bernard Huyghe
Senior Research Fellow
Communications and economic intelligence – Cyber strategy - Terrorism
Teva Meyer
Associate Research Fellow
Nuclear energy – Nuclear weapons – Proliferation – Energy technologies – Energy transitions
Luca Baccarini
Associate Research Fellow
World Energy Markets – Energy strategy: key actors and roles - European Energy Policy in EU - Finance and geopolitics
Guillaume Long
Associate Research Fellow
Latin American politics, regionalism and security - Contemporary multilateralism
Federico Santopinto
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Europe, Strategy and Security Programme
European Union - European Defence - Defence Industry
Olivier Da Lage
Associate Research Fellow
The Arabian Peninsula - India
Thierry Coville
Research Fellow
Iran – Country risk
Sébastien Abis
Associate Research Fellow
Strategic issues in the Mediterranean and North Africa – European Neighbourhood Policy - Agriculture and globalization – Food security and geopolitics of food supply – Grain Trade
Fatou Elise Ba
Research Fellow, Head of the Humanitarian and Development Programme
International Aid - Advocacy and Humanitarian Policies - Human Rights - Gender and Development
Caroline Roussy
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Africa/s Programme
West Africa – Regional Integration – Border issues – G5-Sahel
Laurent Giacobbi
Associate Research Fellow
Latin America and the Caribbean (geopolitics, defence and security, foreign influences) - Strategic issues linked to climate change
Éric Percheron
Associate Research Fellow
Compliance – Financial Security – Anti-money laundering – Cross border flows and country risks analysis
Emmanuel Lincot
Associate Research Fellow
Political and Cultural History of Contemporary China - China / Middle East Relationships - China / Central Asia Relationships - China / France Relationships
Jean-Vincent Brisset
Associate Research Fellow
China and the Chinese world – Strategic questions in Asia – Defence and international relations – The military tool: means, operations, concepts – The military nuclear weapons – Military aeronautics – NBCR risk and civil protection
Georges Lefeuvre
Associate Research Fellow
Afghanistan / Pakistan / India
Brahim Oumansour
Associate Research Fellow, Director of the Maghreb Observatory
US foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa - Conflict, State and non-governmental players in North Africa and the Middle East
François Mabille
Associate Research Fellow, Director of the Geopolitical Observatory of Religion
Geopolitics of religions - Religious actors in international relations - Pontifical diplomacy - Radicalisation and religious risk
Sylvie Matelly
Former Deputy Director of IRIS
Military spendings and defence budgets – Arms industries and restructuration – Globalisation and economic and strategic relations – European economy, economic policies
Lukas Aubin
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Sport and Geopolitics Programme
Geopolitics of sports - Sports diplomacy - Nation Branding - Nation Building and Soft Power - Geopolitics of Russia - Asymmetric warfare, influence, relations within the post-Soviet space and sovereignty
Nathalie Ernoult
Research Fellow
Humanitarianism - Global Health
Jacques Serba
Associate Research Fellow
Humanitarian action – Organisation and functioning of the NGOs – External action of the territorial authorities
Gérard Grizbec
Associate Research Fellow
Geopolitics of religions
Louise Souverbie
Research Fellow
European Union - Central and Eastern Europe - Defence Europe - Defence industry
Éric Vernier
Associate Research Fellow
Money laundering – Business frauds – Sustainable development in the banking world
Didier Billion
Deputy Director
The Middle-East – Turkey and the Turkish-speaking world – The European policy in these regions – The relations between the EU and Turkey – The European policy in the Middle-East
Gaspard Schnitzler
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Defence and Security Industry Programme
European defence - Defence industrial policies - Defence industries - Arms exports - Defence policy of France and Germany - Strategic cultures - EU/NATO
Jean-François Corty
Associate Research Fellow, in charge of the Rendez-vous de l'humanitaire
Humanitarian action - Development - Health - Health, social and environmental inequalities
Julien Laurent
Associate Research Fellow
Energy markets and international relations - Strategies of energy actors (companies, states) - Finance and geopolitics
Anne Sénéquier
Research Fellow
Global Health - Health and international cooperation - Health and Environnement
Émilie Laffiteau
Associate Research Fellow
Sub-Saharan Africa - Evaluation of official development assistance projects
Jean-Jacques Kourliandsky
Associate Research Fellow
Central and Latin America – External and security policies of the Ibero-American area
Jean-Yves Camus
Associate Research Fellow
Zionism and anti-Zionism in contemporary Europe – Regional identities and separatisms in Europe – The relations between the French and the Israeli – The German left and the Middle-East conflict – Nationalisms and extremisms in Europe
Jean-Claude Allard
Associate Research Fellow
Defence and security policy – Operational concepts and the uses of force – Crisis management – Military aeronautics
Guillaume Pitron
Associate Research Fellow
Economic, political and environmental issues of raw materials – Impact of digital pollution
Pierre Jaillet
Associate Research Fellow
Economy and monetary policy - European institutions and the functioning of the euro zone - Monetary and financial international relations - International cooperation bodies and organisations
Patrick Charaix
Associate Research Fellow
Defense policy - Nuclear deterrence - Crisis management and military planning - External operations - Leadership and management
Estelle E. Brun
Associate Research Fellow
Sport activism – Racism, sexism and sport – Sport Diplomacy – Sport and identity
Arnaud Dubien
Associate Research Fellow
Russia/CIS
Karim Pakzad
Associate Research Fellow
Afghanistan - Pakistan - Iran - Iraq – Kurdish issue
Jean-Joseph Boillot
Associate Research Fellow
Indian Economy – Economy of the emerging countries – Asia/Africa Relations
Fabrice Debbasch
Associate Research Fellow
Innovation of defense systems - Scientific Issues - New technologies
Marianne Péron-Doise
Associate Research Fellow, Director of the Indo-Pacific Geopolitical Observatory
Strategic issues and alliances in Asia - Maritime security - Indo-Pacific - Defense and security policy in North-East Asia (Japan-Korea)
Phanette Roche-Bruyn
Research Fellow
CSR - Compliance and Due Diligence
David Rigoulet-Roze
Associate Research Fellow
South West Asia - Near and Middle East - Levant - Mesopotamia - Arabian Peninsula - Gulf Region
Pascal Boniface
Director of IRIS
Strategic issues – European security – Global power relationships – Nuclear issues – The French foreign policy
Frédéric Jeannin
Research Fellow
Raw materials - Geopolitics of energy - US foreign policy - Chinese foreign policy - Post-Soviet space
Emmanuel Hache
Senior Fellow
Natural Resources Economics – Energy issues and Development - Asia and NIC – International Monetary Affairs
Éric Mottet
Senior Research Fellow
Geopolitical and geoeconomic issues in South-East and North-East Asia - Indo-Pacific
Jacques-Pierre Gougeon
Senior Research Fellow
The German-speaking area – Germany’s place and policy within the European Union – The French-German relations
Pierrick Le Jeune
Associate Research Fellow
Asia, South-East Asia – Afghanistan – The reform of public administrations – Public services – NGOs
Henry Zipper de Fabiani
Associate Research Fellow
Balkans - Central Asia
Christophe Ventura
Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Latin America/Caribbean programme
Latin America (political life, regional integration, foreign policy...) – Civil society and Social movements
Charles Thibout
Associate Research Fellow
GAFAM and BATX - Digital - Companies and States - Dual technologies
Marie-Cécile Naves
Senior Research Fellow
Unites States of America - Gender, equality woman-men, feminism - Socio-political issues of sport
Frédéric Mauro
Associate Research Fellow
European Defence Policy - PESCO
Francis Perrin
Senior Research Fellow
Energy issues – Markets and Energy Prices – Geopolitics of Energy - Energy and Governance
Olivier de France
Senior Research Fellow
Political Europe and geopolitics – International political theory
Jean-Marc Gravellini
Associate Research Fellow
Security and development issues in Sahel - Strategy - Development of public policies and investment programmes
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