Energy and Environment

Geopolitics of Fertilisers: The Dependence of European Agriculture

Sébastien Abis

Associate Research Fellow, IRIS

‘Soft Power’ Meets ‘Hard Security’: Leveraging Europe’s Regulatory Strength for Energy Transformation in Defence

Hannah Lentschig

Research Fellow, Critical Resources, EU & Global Affairs, Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations

Dr. Louise van Schaik

Head of Unit EU & Global Affairs, Programme Lead Critical Resources, Clingendael Netherlands Institute of International Relations

COP30: Limited Progress in a Fragmented Multilateral System

Mathilde Jourde

Research Fellow, Head of the Climate, Environment, Security Programme, IRIS

The Strategic Use of Climate Vulnerabilities in Contemporary Conflicts: Modalities and Feedback Effects

Mathilde Jourde

Research Fellow, Head of the Climate, Environment, Security Programme, IRIS

Éléonore Duffau

Research Fellow, IRIS

Sofia Kabbej

Associate Research Fellow, IRIS

Dorine Buchot

Research Assistant, IRIS

Decarbonising Defence: Reconciling the Green Agenda with the Reindustrialisation of Europe’s Defence Sector

Daniel Fiott

Head, Defence & Statecraft, CSDS, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Real Instituto Elcano

From the Paris Agreement to COP30 in Belém: “Imperfect but Essential” Climate Conferences

Mathilde Jourde

Research Fellow, Head of the Climate, Environment, Security Programme, IRIS

The Minerals-Defence Nexus in the UAE’s Strategy

Eleonora Ardemagni

Senior Associate Research Fellow, The Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), MENA Centre

European Union: Future Budget Plan Sows Doubt and Reaps Farmers’ Anger

Sébastien Abis

Associate Research Fellow, IRIS