The reorientation of the European Union’s energy supplies following the invasion of Ukraine

The main oil-supplying countries to the European Union (EU) are broadly the same before and after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the implementation of Western sanctions against Russia. However, while Russia once accounted for 26% of imports, making it by far the EU’s leading partner in this area, it will account for only 10% of EU oil imports by the end of 2022, becoming its third largest supplier behind the US and Norway, which are slightly increasing their exports. Other countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Angola, are taking advantage of Europe’s desire to break free from Russian oil to increase their share of oil supplies to the EU.

The trend is similar for gas. Russia, formerly the leading supplier, closely followed by Norway, accounted for 31% of European gas imports. This share will fall to 15.8% by the end of 2022, with Russia nevertheless remaining the EU’s second largest supplier behind Norway. Conversely, the United Kingdom, Algeria, and Qatar will significantly increase their share of European gas imports.

This map is taken from l’Année Stratégique 2024