French and German Defence: the opportunities of transformation

French and German militaries have been transforming. Transformation is necessary. As the strategic landscape evolves – and indeed evolves ever faster – national armed forces need to be adapted to keep up with the times, and best serve their country’s interests.

The on‐going transformation of French and German militaries has created challenges, but it has also opened new avenues for cooperation. This paper hopes to provide a full assessment of the current state of Franco‐German affairs in security and defence, and set out a potential way forward in view of such opportunities.