Funding European Defence: What Role and Instruments for the EU?

On October 16th, 2025, the Armament Industry European Research Group (ARES Group) hosted a seminar in Brussels dedicated to the funding of European Defence, and more specifically, to the question: What role and instruments for the EU? In recent years, the European Union (EU) has developed different programmes to support the defence industry through its Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF). However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increasing uncertainty regarding the transatlantic security guarantee, and the necessity for Europe to meet NATO’s new target of 5% of GDP for defence have collectively created a renewed sense of urgency. These developments have placed significant budgetary pressure on both Member States and EU Institutions.